A To Z Health Topics: 2011

Tuesday, December 20, 2011

Healthy Body Healthy Mind

The saying “health is wealth” hasn’t just come into existence; these are the words of wisdom, resulted from experience. There is no such better life without a good health. Health is the most important thing for a better life but still neglected. It is more precious than Gold or Silver. Health is the real wealth. It is great gift given by God.

According M K Gandhi

“The problem with always trying to preserve the health of the body is that it is so difficult to do without destroying the health of the mind.

According Gautama Buddha

“Start now to think only those thoughts that will bring you health and happiness.”

“Healthy Body Healthy Mind” – is a famous Latin passage, regularly translated as "A sound mind in a sound body”. This concept shows relationship between Health, Mind and Body. Why A Healthy Body Means A Healthy Mind. When the body is healthy, the mind also remains bright and healthy.

“Healthy Body Healthy Mind” – The phrase has come to have a range of meanings. It can be construed to mean that only a healthy body can produce or maintain a healthy mind. Its most general usage is to express the concept of a healthy balance in one’s mode of life.

With increasing work and pressure, change in life style we can’t manage our health. In our busy life style, we often fail to pay attention to keep our body’s health or fitness need. Some point to keep in mind to get healthy body.Some Tips for Healthy Body

Drink a lot of Water
To eat green leafy vegetables
To eat healthy food
To avoid fast food
Exercise Regularly
Take the Stairs
Think Positive
Avoid Smoking and Drinking

Friday, December 16, 2011

Paralysis - Symptoms, Cause, Treatment

Paralysis
Paralysis is a disease, it occurs due to loss of muscle function for one or more muscles group. When muscles have lost function or in other words we can say that when a muscle does not work properly, this condition is called Paralysis. Paralysis comes from Greak word. It made from two words Para and lyses. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis is mainly often caused by damage in the nervous system, especially the spinal cord. It’s caused by something being wrong with the nerves that activate muscles. Other major causes are stroke, trauma withnerve injury, poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), botulism, spina bifida, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Temporary paralysis occurs during REM sleep, and dysregulation of this system can lead to episodes of waking paralysis. Drugs that interfere with nerve function, such as curare, can also cause paralysis. There are many known causes for paralysis and perhaps more yet to be discovered.

Symptoms of Paralysis
The symptoms of paralysis will depends on different factors such as cause of paralysis, which parts of the body are affected, which parts of the body are not working properly. Paralysis can affect the legs, arms and legs,upper part of the body,lower part of body,right and left side of the body etc. It can present on the right side or the left side of the body, or it may present unilaterally. When paralysis is caused by damage to the brain, speech, behavior, and cognitive ability can also be affected.

Types of Paralysis
Hemiplegia:- When only one side of the body is affected, the condition is known as Hemiplegia. It is total paralysis of the arm, leg, and trunk on the same side of the body.
Diplegia:- Both sides of the body may suffer the effects, leading to diplegia or bilateral hemiplegia.
Paraplegia:- When only the lower limbs are affected by paralysis, is called paraplegia.
Quadriplegia:- When all four limbs are affected, it is called Quadriplegia.

Effects of Paralysis
• Interruption of the normal working of the tissues, glands, and organs
• Constipation
• Hammering of control of urination
• Sexual difficulties
• Abnormal sweating
• Abnormal breathing or heart rate
• Balance problems
• Difficulty thinking
• Behavioral issues
• Difficulty speaking or swallowing
• Vision problems
• Changes to circulation and respiration
• Changes to the kidneys and gastrointestinal system
• Changes to muscles, joints, and bones
• Spasticity of the limbs
• Muscle spasms
• Pressure sores
• Blood clots in the lower limbs
• Feelings of numbness or pain
• Skin injury
• Bacterial infection

Asthma | Paralysis | kidney stone | Bone cancer | Arthritis | Human Heart s | Heart Disease | Bone cancer | Swine flu (H1N1) | Gonorhea | Hepatitis | AIDS

Wednesday, December 14, 2011

List of Communicable Diseases

Botulism - Food poisoning caused by botulinum growing on improperly sterilized canned meats and other preserved foods.
Brucellosis - A bacterial disease typically affecting cattle and humans, caused esp. by the bacteria Brucella abortus.
Campylobacteriosis - It is an infection by the Campylobacter bacterium , most commonly C. jejuni.
Chlamydia infections
Cholera
Cryptosporidiosis
Diptheria
Echinococcosis
Giardiasis
Gonococcal infections
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV-infection
Infection with Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli
Infections with haemophilus influenza group B
Influenza
Legionellosis
Leptospirosis
Listeriosis
Malaria
Maleria
Measles
Meningitis
Meningococcal disease
Mumps
Pertussis
Plague
Pneumonia
Poliomyelitis
Rabies
Rubella
Salmonellosis
Shigellosis
Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies variant (CJD)
Trichinosis
Tuberculosis
Typhoid fever
Typhus
Viral haemorrhagic fevers
Whooping cough
Yersinosis

Saturday, December 10, 2011

List of Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases and Disorders

Acute Myocardial Infarction
Angina
Arrhythmia
Atherosclerosis
Cardiomegaly
Cardiomyopathy
Carotid Artery Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Congestive Heart Failure
Coronary Artery Disease
Endocarditis
Fluid Around The Heart
Hypertension
Infective Endocarditis
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Peripheral Artery Disease
Stroke
Valvular Heart Disease

List of Muscular Diseases

Muscular System Diseases and Disorders

Myotonia - Inability to relax voluntary muscle after vigorous effort.

Mitochondrial Myopathy - a neuromuscular disease in which there is damage to the mitochondria.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome - also known as chronic myofascial pain (CMP), is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain caused by multiple trigger points and fascial constrictions.

Wednesday, December 7, 2011

Kidney Stone - Causes, Symptoms, Types

A kidney stone is known as a renal calculus. Kidney stones are common disease, often occur in premature infants. Kidney stone is a solid mass made up of small crystals. At the same time there is one or more stones can be found in the kidney or ureter.

Signs and Symptoms
The hallmark of stones that obstruct the ureter or renal pelvis is excruciating intermittent pain that radiates from the flank to the groin or to the genital area and inner thighThis particular type of pain, known as renal colic, is often described as one of the strongest pain sensations known. Renal colic caused by kidney stones is commonly accompanied by urinary urgency, restlessness, blood in the urine, sweating, nausea and vomiting. It typically comes in waves lasting 20 – 60 minutes caused by peristaltic contractions of the ureter as it attempts to expel the stoneThe embryological link between the urinary tract, the genital system and the gastrointestinal tract is the basis of the radiation of pain to the gonads, as well as the nausea and vomiting that are also common in urolithiasis Postrenal azotemia and hydronephrosis can be observed following the obstruction of urine flow through one or both ureters

There are dissimilar types of kidney stones. Cause of Kidney stones depends on the type of stone.

Cystine stones: It can form in people who have cystinuria. This disorder runs in families and affects both men and women. Cystinuria is a condition passed down through families in which stones form in the kidney, ureter, and bladder. Symptoms: Blood in the urine; Flank pain or pain in the side or back usually on one side.

Struvite stones: They are mostly found in women who have a urinary tract infection. These stones can grow very large and can block the kidney, ureter, or bladder. Struvite urinary stones and crystals form readily in the urine of animals and humans that are infected with ammonia-producing organisms. They are potentiated by alkaline urine and high magnesium excretion. They also are potentiated by a specific urinary protein, in domestic cats.

Calcium stones: Calcium is single component of the most common type of human kidney stones, calcium oxalate. Some studies suggest that people who take supplemental calcium have a higher risk of developing kidney stones, and these findings have been used as the basis for setting the recommended daily intake (RDI) for calcium in adults. They are more common in men between ages 20-30. Calcium can combine with other substances, such as oxalate phosphate, or carbonate to form the stone. Oxalate is present in certain foods such as spinach. It is also found in vitamin C supplements. Diseases of the small intestine increase your risk of these stones.
.
Symptoms of Kidney Stone:
You may not have symptoms until the stones move down the tubes through which urine empties into your bladder. When this happens, the stones can block the flow of urine out of the kidneys.
· Blood in the urine, Fever, vomiting , Abnormal urine color
· The main symptom is severe pain that starts suddenly and may go away suddenly:
· Pain may be felt in the belly area or side of the back
· Pain may move to groin area or testicles

Tuesday, December 6, 2011

Bone cancer

Cancers are founded in bones are called Bone cancers. It can be discovered in bones in a number of different circumstances. When cancer is located in the bones, it is important to identify whether this cancer has spread from another site to the bones or whether the cancer originated in the bone tissue itself. This distinction is important not only for the sake of correct terminology, but also to accurately determine which treatment options are appropriate.

We know that there are more than 100 types of cancer, and each cancer type is named for the tissue in which it begins. When cancer cells spread, they may travel via the lymphatic channels to lymph nodes, or they may enter the bloodstream and travel to other organs or locations in the body that are distant from the site of the original, or primary, tumor. It is not unusual for cancers that originate in other parts of the body to spread to the bones and begin growing there.

Certain types of cancers are particularly likely to spread to the bones. Cancers that commonly metastasize, or spread, to the bones include breast cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, and cancers of the kidney. It is important to note that when these other types of cancer spread to the bone, but they are named by the tissue or organ where they arose. Breast cancer spread due to bone but it is called Breast cancer not bone cancer.

In contrast to cancers which have spread to the bone, true bone cancers are tumors that arise from the tissues of the bones. These cancers, called primary bone cancers, are quite rare in comparison to cancers that have spread to the bones. The bone cancer affects over two thousand people in the United States every year. It is found most in the bones of the arms and legs, but it can occur in any bone. Children and young people are more likely than adults to develop bone cancer.

Symptoms of Bone Cancer
1. It tend to develop slowly

2. It is depend on the type, location, and size of the tumor.

3. Pain is the most frequent symptom of bone cancer, but sometimes a lump on the bone can be felt through the skin.

Treatment of Bone Cancer:
The treatment of bone cancer depend upon the size, location, stage of the cancer, age and health conditions of the patient. The treatment for bone cancer includes various methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and cryosurgery.

Radiation Therapy: It involves the usage of high energy X-rays to destroy the cancerous cells. This treatment option may be used along with surgery.

Cryosurgery: This is a type of treatment which involves usage of liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy cancerous cells.

Surgery: it is the one of the most common method of treatment for bone cancer. This surgery is performed in order to remove the entire tumour inside the bone with negative margins. The surgeon aims at removing the tumour with minimizing the removal of the healthy tissues.

Cause of Bone Cancer: While bone cancer does not have a clearly defined cause, researchers have identified several factors that increase the possibility of developing these tumors. A small number of bone cancers are due to heredity.

Arthritis - Symptoms,Cause, Treatment

What is Arthritis?

The word arthritis comes from the Greek word called Greekarthron. It maens "joint" Arthritis affects the musculoskeletal system, specifically the joints. It is the main cause of disability among people over fifty-five years of age in industrialized countries.

Arthritis is a type of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form, Osteoarthritis is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age. Other arthritis forms are rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and related autoimmune diseases. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection.

The major complaint by individuals who have arthritis is joint pain. Pain is often a constant and may be localized to the joint affected. The pain from arthritis occurs due to inflammation that occurs around the joint, damage to the joint from disease, daily wear and tear of joint, muscle strains caused by forceful movements against stiff, painful joints and fatigue.

Symptoms

The common symptoms of arthritis disorders include varied levels of pain, swelling, joint stiffness and sometimes a constant ache around the joint. Arthritic disorders like lupus and rheumatoid can also affect other organs in the body with a variety of symptoms.

Muscle weakness
Loss of flexibility
Decreased aerobic fitness
Inability to use the hand or walk
Malaise and a feeling of tiredness
Fever
Weight loss
Poor sleep
Muscle aches and pains
Tenderness
Difficulty moving the joint

Causes

Cartilage is breakdown due to Arthritis. Cartilage usually protects a joint, allowing it to move smoothly. Cartilage also absorbs shock when pressure is placed on the joint, such as when you walk. Without the normal amount of cartilage, the bones rub together, causing pain, swelling (inflammation), and stiffness.

Joint inflammation may result from:

· An autoimmune disease (the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue)

· Broken bone

· General "wear and tear" on joints

· Infection, usually by bacteria or virus

Types of arthritis

There are more than 100 different forms of arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis - this is an inflammatory form of arthritis. The synovial membrane is attacked, resulting in swelling and pain. If left untreated the arthritis can lead to deformity. Rheumatoid arthritis is significantly more common in women than men and generally strikes when the patient is aged between 40 and 60. However, children and much older people may also be affected.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis - It means arthritis that affects a person aged above15 or less. JRA can be various forms of arthritis; it basically means that a child has it.

Infectious Arthritis - It is an infection in the synovial fluid and tissues of a joint. It is typically caused by bacteria, but could also be caused by fungi or viruses. Bacteria, fungi or viruses may spread through the bloodstream from infected tissue nearby, and infect a joint. Most susceptible people are those who already have some form of arthritis and develop an infection that travels in the bloodstream.

Osteoarthritis - Osteoarthritis cartilage loses its elasticity. If the cartilage is stiff it becomes damaged more easily. It acts as a shock absorber, will gradually wear away in some areas. When cartilage becomes damaged tendons and ligaments become stretched, causing pain. Finally the bones may rub against each other causing very severe pain.

Ankylosing spondylitis
Gonococcal arthritis
Gout
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (in children)
Other bacterial infections (nongonococcal bacterial arthritis)
Psoriatic arthritis
Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome)
Rheumatoid arthritis (in adults)
Scleroderma
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Disability

Arthritis is the most common cause of disability in the

USA

. More than 20 million individuals with arthritis have severe limitations in function on a daily basis. Absenteeism and frequent visits to the physician are common in individuals who have arthritis. Arthritis makes it very difficult for individuals to be physically active and many become home bound. Each year, arthritis results in approx one million hospitalizations and close to 45 million outpatient visits to health care centers

Arthritis can make it very difficult for the individual to remain physically active, contributing to an increased risk of obesity, high cholesterol or have heart disease. Individuals with arthritis are also at increased risk of depression which may be related to fear of worsening symptoms.
Diagnosis

Treatment

There is no cure for either rheumatoid or osteoarthritis. Treatment options vary depending on the type of arthritis and include physical therapy, lifestyle changes (including exercise and weight control), orthopedic bracing and medications. Joint replacement surgery may be required in eroding forms of arthritis. Medications can help reduce inflammation in the joint which decreases pain. Moreover, by decreasing inflammation, the joint damage may be slowed.

Physical Therapy

In common, studies have shown that physical exercise of the affected joint can have noticeable improvement in terms of long-term pain relief. Furthermore, exercise of the arthritic joint is encouraged to maintain the health of the particular joint and the overall body of the person.

Individuals with arthritis can benefit from both physical and occupational therapy. In arthritis the joints become stiff and the range of movement can be limited. Physical therapy has been shown to significantly improve function, decrease pain, and delay need for surgical intervention in advanced cases. Exercise prescribed by a physical therapist has been shown to be more effective than medications in treating osteoarthritis of the knee. Exercise often focuses on improving muscle strength, endurance and flexibility. In some cases, exercises may be designed to train balance. Occupational therapy can teach you how to reduce stress on your joint from daily living activities. Occupation therapy can also teach you how to modify your home and work environment so that you do reduce movements that may worsen your arthritis. There are also assist devices available that can help you drive, getting a bath, dressing and also in housekeeping labors.

Medications

Treatment typically begins with medications that have the fewest side effects with further medications being added if insufficiently effective. Treatment depends on the type of the arthritis. The first-line treatment for osteoarthritis is acetaminophen while for inflammatory arthritis it involves non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen.

Know more Link

http://atozhealthtopics.blogspot.com/2011/12/human-heart-function.html

Monday, December 5, 2011

Human Heart - Function

The heart is located inside the human body. It is one of the most important organs in the entire human body. The heart is a myogenic muscular organ found in all animals with a circulatory system (including all vertebrates), that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The heart pumps the blood, which carries all the vital materials which help our bodies function and removes the waste products that we do not need. For example, the brain requires oxygen and glucose, which, if not received continuously, will cause it to lose consciousness. Normal human beings are beating approximately 72 times per minute of our lives.

Hearts is protected by cavity. There are three layers made the wall of the heart. The cavity is divided into four chambers. Upper chambers are called the right and left atria, and lower chambers are called the right and left ventricles.

Human Heart

1. Left Atrium: The left atrium is one of the four chambers in the human heart. It
receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins, and pumps it into
the left ventricle, via the mitral valve.

2. Right atrium: The Right atrium is one of four zin the hearts of mammals (including humans) and archosaurs (which include birds and crocodilians). It receives
deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the
coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. Attached to the right atrium is the right auricular appendix.

3. Left ventricle: The left ventricle is one of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) in the human heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the mitral valve, and pumps it into the aorta via the aortic valve.

4. Right ventricle: The right ventricle is fourth chambers in the human heart. It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve, and pumps it into the pulmonary artery via the pulmonary valve and pulmonary trunk. It is triangular in shape, and extends from the right atrium to near the apex of the heart.

Function of Heart:

In mammals, the function of the right side of the heart (see right heart) is to collect de-oxygenated blood, in the right atrium, from the body (via superior and inferior vena cavae) and pump it, through the tricuspid valve, via the right ventricle, into the lungs (pulmonary circulation) so that carbon dioxide can be dropped off and oxygen picked up (gas exchange). This happens through the passive process of diffusion. The left side (see left heart) collects oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium. From the left atrium the blood moves to the left ventricle, through the bicuspid valve, which pumps it out to the body (via the aorta). On both sides, the lower ventricles are thicker and stronger than the upper atria. The muscle wall surrounding the left ventricle is thicker than the wall surrounding the right ventricle due to the higher force needed to pump the blood through the systemic circulation.

More Link:
http://atozhealthtopics.blogspot.com/2011/01/list-of-heart-diseases-symptoms.html
http://atozhealthtopics.blogspot.com/2011/01/list-of-bone-diseases.html

Thursday, November 3, 2011

List of Human Diseases

Asthma
Asthma in children
Atopic Dermatitis
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Bronchitis
Cellulitis
Cervical Spondylitis
Chronic Pancreatitis
Cirrhosis of liver
CRF (Chronic Renal failure)
Crohn's Disease
Depression
Eczema
Fatty liver
Fibroid
Fibromyalgia
Fissure-in-ano
Gall Stones
Ganglion
Gastritis
GERD (Gastro-esophageal reflux disease)
Gout
Guillain Barre Syndrome
Hay Fever
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Herpes
Hiatus Hernia
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Jaundice
Kidney Stones
Leucoderma (Vitiligo)
Lichen Planus
Lipoma
Lumber Spondilitis
Migraine
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple Sclerosis
Myasthenia Gravis
Nasal Polyps
Nephrotic Syndrome
Oesophageal Cancer
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoporosis
Parkinson's Disease (PD)
PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease)
Peptic ulcer
Piles
Prostate Cancer
Prostate Enlargement
Psoriasis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Sinusitis
Tonsillitis
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Ulcerative Colitis
Urticaria
Vertigo
Vocal Nodules
Warts
Wheat allergy ( Coeliac sprue)
Allergies
Anxiety disorders
Arthritis
Asthma
Astigmatism
Autoimmune diseases
Bipolar disorder (manic-depressive)
Brain cancer
Breast cancer
Cancer
Candidiasis
Cataracts
Celiac disease
Cervical cancer
Chicken pox
Chlamydia
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
Chronic illness
Cold sores
Colon cancer
Common cold
Constipation
COPD
Cough
Crohn’s disease
Cystic fibrosis
Dementia
Depression
Diabetes
Diarrhea
Eczema
Endometriosis
Eye disorders
Fibroids
Fibromyalgia
Flu (influenza)
Food poisoning
Gallstones
Genital herpes
Gonorrhea
Graves’ disease
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Hay fever
Headache
Heart disease
Hemochromatosis
Hepatitis
Herpes
High cholesterol
HIV
Hodgkin’s disease
HPV (human papilloma virus)
Hypertension
Impotence
Insomnia
Irritable bowel syndrome
Jaundice
Kidney disease
Lactose intolerance
Leukemia
Liver cancer
Liver disease
Lung cancer
Lupus
Lyme disease
Lymphoma
Meningitis
Meningococcal disease
Menopause
Mental illness
Migraine
Multiple sclerosis
Muscular dystrophy
Myopia (short-sightedness)
Narcolepsy
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Obesity
Osteoporosis
Otitis media (middle ear infection)
Ovarian cancer
Overweight
Pain
Parkinson’s disease
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pertussis
Pregnancy
· Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
· Prostate cancer
· Prostate disorders
· Raynaud’s Phenomenon
· SARS
· Sexually transmitted diseases
· Sleep disorders
· Smoking
· Stroke
· Thrush
· Thyroid disorders
· Whooping cough

Wednesday, November 2, 2011

List of Viral Diseases

Viral Disease are obligate intracellular organism, contain DNA or RNA within a cylindrical.Viruses are tiny parts of a cell, smaller than a bacterium, that attach to a human cell and start to multiply.

List Of Viral Disease

Dideases	Cause
Cholera	Vibrio cholerae
Chromoblastomycosis	usually Fonsecaea pedrosoi
Clonorchiasis	Clonorchis sinensis
Babesiosis	Babesia genus
Bacillus cereus infection	Bacillus cereus
Bacterial pneumonia	multiple bacteria
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)	multiple bacteria
Bacteroides infection	Bacteroides genus
Balantidiasis	Balantidium coli
Baylisascaris infection	Baylisascaris genus
BK virus infection	BK virus
Black piedra	Piedraia hortae
Blastocystis hominis infection	Blastocystis hominis
Blastomycosis	Blastomyces dermatitidis
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever	Machupo virus
Borrelia infection	Borrelia genus
Ascariasis	Ascaris lumbricoides
Aspergillosis	Aspergillus genus
Astrovirus infection	Astroviridae family
Burkholderia infection	usually Burkholderia cepacia and other Burkholderia species
Buruli ulcer	Mycobacterium ulcerans
Calicivirus infection (Norovirus and Sapovirus)	Caliciviridae family
Campylobacteriosis	Campylobacter genus
Candidiasis (Moniliasis; Thrush)	usually Candida albicans and other Candida species
Cat-scratch disease	Bartonella henselae
Cellulitis	usually Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
Chagas Disease (American trypanosomiasis)	Trypanosoma cruzi
Chancroid	Haemophilus ducreyi
Chickenpox	Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Chlamydia	Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection	Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Ehrlichiosis	Ehrlichia genus
Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection)	Enterobius vermicularis
Enterococcus infection	Enterococcus genus
Enterovirus infection	Enterovirus genus
Epidemic typhus	Rickettsia prowazekii
Colorado tick fever (CTF)	Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV)
Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza)	usually rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)	CJD prion
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)	Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Cryptococcosis	Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptosporidiosis	Cryptosporidium genus
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)	usually Ancylostoma braziliense; multiple other parasites
Cyclosporiasis	Cyclospora cayetanensis
Cysticercosis	Taenia solium
Cytomegalovirus infection	Cytomegalovirus
Dengue fever	Dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) – Flaviviruses
Dientamoebiasis	Dientamoeba fragilis
Diphtheria	Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Diphyllobothriasis	Diphyllobothrium
Dracunculiasis	Dracunculus medinensis
Ebola hemorrhagic fever	Ebolavirus (EBOV)
Echinococcosis	Echinococcus genus
Human metapneumovirus infection	Human metapneumovirus (hMPV)
Human monocytic ehrlichiosis	Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection	Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Human parainfluenza virus infection	Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV)
Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)	Parvovirus B19
Exanthem subitum	HHV-6
Fasciolopsiasis	Fasciolopsis buski
Fasciolosis	Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica
Filariasis	Filarioidea superfamily
Food poisoning by Clostridium perfringens	Clostridium perfringens
Free-living amebic infection	multiple
Fusobacterium infection	Fusobacterium genus
Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis)	usually Clostridium perfringens; other Clostridium species
Geotrichosis	Geotrichum candidum
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS)	GSS prion
Giardiasis	Giardia intestinalis
Glanders	Burkholderia mallei
Gnathostomiasis	Gnathostoma spinigerum and Gnathostoma hispidum
Gonorrhea	Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)	Klebsiella granulomatis
Group A streptococcal infection	Streptococcus pyogenes
Group B streptococcal infection	Streptococcus agalactiae
Haemophilus influenzae infection	Haemophilus influenzae
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)	Enteroviruses, mainly Coxsackie A virus and Enterovirus 71 (EV71)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)	Sin Nombre virus
Helicobacter pylori infection	Helicobacter pylori
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)	Escherichia coli O157:H7, O111 and O104:H4
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)	Bunyaviridae family
Hepatitis A	Hepatitis A Virus
Hepatitis B	Hepatitis B Virus
Hepatitis C	Hepatitis C Virus
Hepatitis D	Hepatitis D Virus
Hepatitis E	Hepatitis E Virus
Herpes simplex	Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
Histoplasmosis	Histoplasma capsulatum
Hookworm infection	Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
Human bocavirus infection	Human bocavirus (HBoV)
Human ewingii ehrlichiosis	Ehrlichia ewingii
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA)	Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Sporotrichosis	Sporothrix schenckii
Staphylococcal food poisoning	Staphylococcus genus
Staphylococcal infection	Staphylococcus genus
Strongyloidiasis	Strongyloides stercoralis
Syphilis	Treponema pallidum
Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono)	Epstein-Barr Virus
Influenza	Orthomyxoviridae family
Isosporiasis	Isospora belli
Kawasaki disease	unknown; evidence supports that it is infectious
Keratitis	multiple
Kingella kingae infection	Kingella kingae
Kuru	Kuru prion
Lassa fever	Lassa virus
Legionellosis (Legionnaires' disease)	Legionella pneumophila
Legionellosis (Pontiac fever)	Legionella pneumophila
Leishmaniasis	Leishmania genus
Leprosy	Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis
Leptospirosis	Leptospira genus
Listeriosis	Listeria monocytogenes
Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)	usually Borrelia burgdorferi and other Borrelia species
Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis)	Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis	Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
Malaria	Plasmodium genus
Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF)	Marburg virus
Measles	Measles virus
Melioidosis (Whitmore's disease)	Burkholderia pseudomallei
Meningitis	multiple
Meningococcal disease	Neisseria meningitidis
Metagonimiasis	usually Metagonimus yokagawai
Microsporidiosis	Microsporidia phylum
Molluscum contagiosum (MC)	Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)
Mumps	Mumps virus
Murine typhus (Endemic typhus)	Rickettsia typhi
Mycoplasma pneumonia	Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycetoma	numerous species of bacteria (Actinomycetoma) and fungi (Eumycetoma)
Myiasis	parasitic dipterous fly larvae
Neonatal conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia neonatorum)	most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(New) Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD, nvCJD)	vCJD prion
Nocardiosis	usually Nocardia asteroides and other Nocardia species
Onchocerciasis (River blindness)	Onchocerca volvulus
Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis)	Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Paragonimiasis	usually Paragonimus westermani and other Paragonimus species
Pasteurellosis	Pasteurella genus
Pediculosis capitis (Head lice)	Pediculus humanus capitis
Pediculosis corporis (Body lice)	Pediculus humanus corporis
Pediculosis pubis (Pubic lice, Crab lice)	Phthirus pubis
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)	multiple
Pertussis (Whooping cough)	Bordetella pertussis
Plague	Yersinia pestis
Pneumococcal infection	Streptococcus pneumoniae
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)	Pneumocystis jirovecii
Pneumonia	multiple
Poliomyelitis	Poliovirus
Prevotella infection	Prevotella genus
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)	usually Naegleria fowleri
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy	JC virus
Psittacosis	Chlamydophila psittaci
Q fever	Coxiella burnetii
Rabies	Rabies virus
Rat-bite fever	Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus
Respiratory syncytial virus infection	Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Rhinosporidiosis	Rhinosporidium seeberi
Rhinovirus infection	Rhinovirus
Rickettsial infection	Rickettsia genus
Rickettsialpox	Rickettsia akari
Rift Valley fever (RVF)	Rift Valley fever virus
Rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF)	Rickettsia rickettsii
Rotavirus infection	Rotavirus
Rubella	Rubella virus
Salmonellosis	Salmonella genus
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)	SARS coronavirus
Scabies	Sarcoptes scabiei
Schistosomiasis	Schistosoma genus
Sepsis	multiple
Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery)	Shigella genus
Shingles (Herpes zoster)	Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Smallpox (Variola)	Variola major or Variola minor
Actinomycosis	ctinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae and Propionibacterium propionicus
African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis)	Trypanosoma brucei
AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome)]]	HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)
Amebiasis	Entamoeba histolytica
Anaplasmosis	Anaplasma genus
Anthrax	Bacillus anthracis
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection	Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
Tinea barbae (Barber's itch)	usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp)	usually Trichophyton tonsurans
Tinea corporis (Ringworm of the Body)	usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea cruris (Jock itch)	usually Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Tinea manuum (Ringworm of the Hand)	Trichophyton rubrum
Tinea nigra	usually Hortaea werneckii
Tinea pedis (Athlete’s foot)	usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis)	usually Trichophyton genus
Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor)	Malassezia genus
Toxocariasis (Ocular Larva Migrans (OLM))	Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati
Toxocariasis (Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM))	Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati
Toxoplasmosis	Toxoplasma gondii
Trichinellosis	Trichinella spiralis
Trichomoniasis	Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichuriasis (Whipworm infection)	Trichuris trichiura
Tuberculosis	usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tularemia	Francisella tularensis
Ureaplasma urealyticum infection	Ureaplasma urealyticum
Venezuelan equine encephalitis	Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever	Guanarito virus
Viral pneumonia	multiple viruses
West Nile Fever	West Nile virus
White piedra (Tinea blanca)	Trichosporon beigelii
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Yersiniosis	Yersinia enterocolitica
Yellow fever	Yellow fever virus
Zygomycosis	Mucorales order (Mucormycosis) and Entomophthorales order (Entomophthoramycosis)

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